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Evolution and Medicine (2015, Open Yale Courses). Instructor: Professor Stephen Stearns.

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Description

This course is a survey of evolutionary insights that make important differences in medical research and clinical practice, including evolutionary mechanisms and the medical issues they affect. Individual genetic variation in susceptibility; evolutionary conflicts and tradeoffs in reproductive medicine; the evolution of antibiotic resistance and virulence in pathogens; emerging diseases; the evolution of aging; cancer as an evolutionary process.

Course content

    • Lecture 1.1 – Natural Selection Unlimited
    • Lecture 1.2 – Random Evolution, The Role of Chance Unlimited
    • Lecture 1.3 – Mismatch, a Major Cause of Maladaptation Unlimited
    • Lecture 1.4 – Adaptation: Why it is Problematic and How to Recognize it Unlimited
    • Lecture 1.5 – Styles of Thought: Typological Thinking, Population Thinking, Tree Thinking Unlimited
    • Lecture 2.1 – Ancient History with Medical Consequences Unlimited
    • Lecture 2.2 – Recent History with Medical Consequences Unlimited
    • Lecture 2.3 – Genetic Variation for Disease Resistance Unlimited
    • Lecture 2.4 – Genetic Variation for Ability to Metabolize Drugs Unlimited
    • Lecture 2.5 – The Human Life History and its Evolution Unlimited
    • Lecture 2.6 – A Patient is a Point on a Reaction Norm Unlimited
    • Lecture 2.7 – Patients are Bundles of Tradeoffs Unlimited
    • Lecture 2.8 – A Patient is Someone who Ages Unlimited
    • Lecture 2.9 – Patients Have an Unusual Life History Unlimited
    • Lecture 2.10 – The Developmental Origins of Health and Disease Unlimited
    • Lecture 2.11 – The Developmental Origins of the Microbiota Unlimited
    • Lecture 2.12 – Recap Unlimited
    • Lecture 3.1 – Classifications of Disease Unlimited
    • Lecture 3.2 – Tissues and Organs: from Vulnerable to Robust Unlimited
    • Lecture 3.3 – From Fixed to Adjustable Functions Unlimited
    • Lecture 3.4 – The Changing Nature of Disease Unlimited
    • Lecture 4.1 – Origin in Homeostasis Unlimited
    • Lecture 4.2 – Types and Costs Unlimited
    • Lecture 4.3 – Specialized Defenses 1 Unlimited
    • Lecture 4.4 – Specialized Defenses 2 Unlimited
    • Lecture 4.5 – Diseases of Exaggerated Defenses Unlimited
    • Lecture 4.6 – Key Characteristics Unlimited
    • Lecture 4.7 – The Major Strategies Unlimited
    • Lecture 4.8 – The Major Strategies II: Tolerance Unlimited
    • Lecture 4.9 – The Evolution of Vertebrate Immunity: the Innate Immune System Unlimited
    • Lecture 4.10 – The Evolution of Vertebrate Immunity: the Adaptive Immune System Unlimited
    • Lecture 4.11 – Clonal Selection of Antigen Receptors Unlimited
    • Lecture 5.1 – Pathogen-caused Virulence 1 Unlimited
    • Lecture 5.2 – Pathogen-caused Virulence 2 Unlimited
    • Lecture 5.3 – Managing the Microbiota Unlimited
    • Lecture 5.4 – Evasion and Suppression Unlimited
    • Lecture 5.5 – Antibiotic Resistance Unlimited
    • Lecture 5.6 – Evolution-proof Therapies Unlimited
    • Lecture 6.1 – Cancer Basics Unlimited
    • Lecture 6.2 – Why We are Susceptible Unlimited
    • Lecture 6.3 – Every Cancer is an Instance of Clonal Evolution Unlimited
    • Lecture 6.4 – Insights from Molecular Phylogenetics Unlimited
    • Lecture 6.5 – Cancers Evade or Suppress the Immune Responses that would Kill Them Unlimited
    • Lecture 6.6 – Managing Evolved Resistance Unlimited
    • Lecture 7.1 – Mammalian Reproduction Unlimited
    • Lecture 7.2 – Invasive Placentas Unlimited
    • Lecture 7.3 – Parent-offspring Conflict Unlimited
    • Lecture 7.4 – Menstruation Unlimited
    • Lecture 7.5 – Menopause Unlimited
    • Lecture 7.6 – Upright Posture and Childbirth Unlimited
    • Lecture 8.1 – Introduction Unlimited
    • Lecture 8.2 – Time and Space Unlimited
    • Lecture 8.3 – Obesity: a Disease of Homeostasis Unlimited
    • Lecture 8.4 – Type 2 Diabetes: a Disease of Homeostasis Unlimited
    • Lecture 8.5 – Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer Unlimited
    • Lecture 8.6 – Hygiene and Old Friends Unlimited
    • Lecture 9.1 – Special Difficulties in Explaining Them Unlimited
    • Lecture 9.2 – Drug Addiction Unlimited
    • Lecture 9.3 – Extreme Expressions of Normal Behaviors Unlimited
    • Lecture 9.4 – Autism and Schizophrenia Unlimited
    • Lecture 10.1 – Population Consequences of Medical Decisions Unlimited
    • Lecture 10.2 – The Great Transition Unlimited
    • Lecture 11.1 – Open Questions Unlimited
    • Lecture 11.2 – Differences between Classical and Evolutionary Medicine Unlimited

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