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This course introduces the basic elements of population studies, including: population size, composition, and distribution, and the causes and consequences of changes in these characteristics. An overview of demographic processes and measures used to assess them is presented. The course also focuses on reproductive health issues important in the context of Sub-Saharan Africa. The impact of population policies and programs on population change will be analyzed for different countries. Current issues and problems in program design, implementation, and evaluation will be outlined with the help of several case studies.
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Description
Course Objectives
After completion of this course the student will be able to:
- Describe the current status and trends in population size, composition and distribution, and analyze the causes and consequences of changes in these characteristics.
- Calculate and interpret basic measures used to assess demographic processes: fertility, mortality, migration and urbanization.
- Describe and analyze the theories and empirical evidence to explain the observed trends in fertility, mortality, migration, and urbanization in the developing and developed world .
- Describe trends in household/family structure, number, composition and types, and their demographic and social implications.
- Describe and interpret basic biological reproductive processes and major contraceptive technologies.
- Identify the important reproductive health issues in the Sub-Saharan region of Africa and their socioeconomic, health and demographic impact; and devise programmatic strategies to tackle them.
- Analyze population policy, its formulation and role in the future of sub-Saharan Africa's demographic and reproductive health trends.
- Outline the steps and issues involved in designing a reproductive health/family planning program.
- Analyze organizational, administrative, financial and technical issues involved in program design, implementation and evaluation.
Key population terms are defined in the Glossary.
| Session | Topic | Readings |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Population Size, Growth, and Demographic Transition | Haupt, Arthur and Thomas T. Kane. "Population handbook", 4 th international edition, 1998, (Washington DC: Population Reference Bureau, September 1998). Joseph A. Mcfalls, Jr., "Population: A Lively Introduction," vol. 53, no.3 (Washington DC: Population Reference Bureau, September 1998). |
| 2 | Population Structure, Composition and Distribution | Yaukey, David and Douglas L. Anderton. Demography: The Study of Human Population. 2001. Chapter 4. 2 nd Edition Illinois: Waveland Shryock, H.S. and Jacob S. Siegal. "The methods and materials of Demography." Chapter 7 and 8. 1978. Academic Press, New York |
| 3 | Social and Economic Consequences of Population Growth | Finkle Jason L., and Barbara B. Crane. March 1985. "Ideology and politics at Mexico city: The United States at the 1984 International Conference on Population.Population and Development Review 11(1): 1-28 Hodgson, Dennis. December 1988. "Orthodoxy and Revisionism in American Demography." Population and Development Review 14(4): 541-569 McIntosh C. Alison, and Jason L. Finkle. June 1995. "The Cairo Conference on Population and Development: A new paradigm?" Population and Development Review 21(2): 223-260 |
| 4 | Fertility and Reproduction: Data Sources and Measurement | Haupt, Arthur and Thomas T. Kane. "Population handbook", 4 th international edition, 1998, (Washington DC: Population Reference Bureau, September 1998). Yaukey, David and Douglas L. Anderton. Demography: The Study of Human Population. 2001. Chapter 7, 2 nd Edition Illinois: Waveland Shryock, H.S. and Jacob S. Siegal. "The methods and materials of Demography." Chapter 16,17and 18. 1978. Academic Press, New York |
| 5 | Fertility Change: Trends, Differentials, Determinants and Theories | Hirschman ,Charles. 1994 "Why Fertility Changes" Annual Review of Sociology, 20: 203-233. Bongaarts, John, Susan Cotts Watkins. Dec., 1996. "Social Interactions and Contemporary Fertility Transitions". Population and Development Review, 22( 4):639-682. Caldwell, John C., I. O. Orubuloye, Pat Caldwell. June 1992. "Fertility Decline in Africa: A New Type of Transition?" Population and Development Review , 18 (2): 211-242. Martin, Teresa Castro. Jul. - Aug., 1995. "Women's Education and Fertility: Results from 26 Demographic and Health Surveys". Studies in Family Planning , 26(4) pp. 187-202. Ahn, Namkee., Abusaleh Shariff. Mar., 1994. "A Comparative Study of Socioeconomic and Demographic Determinants of Fertility in Togo and Uganda". International Family Planning Perspectives ,20(1): 14-17+22. Caldwell, John C., Pat Caldwell. Jun., 1993. "The South African Fertility Decline" Population and Development Review, 19(2): 225-262. Chimere-Dan, Orieji . (Mar., 1996) "Contraceptive Prevalence in Rural South Africa". International Family Planning Perspectives 22(1): 4-9. Mason ,Karen Oppenheim. November 1997. "Explaining Fertility Transitions (in Presidential Address)." Demography 34(4): 443-454. |
| 6 | Mortality and morbidity: Data Sources and Measurement | Yaukey, David and Douglas L. Anderton. "Demography: The Study of Human Population." 2001. Chapter 5, 2 nd Edition Illinois: Waveland Haupt, Arthur and Thomas T. Kane. "Population handbook", 4 th international edition, 1998, (Washington DC: Population Reference Bureau, September 1998). Shryock, H.S. and Jacob S. Siegal. "The methods and materials of Demography." Chapter 14 and 15. 1978. Academic Press, New York |
| 7 | Mortality Decline: Trends, Differentials, Theories and Prospects | Income and mortality: relationships DaVanzo J. Infant mortality and socio-economic development: Evidence from Malaysian household data. Demography 25:581-595, 1988 Hobcraft JN, Mcdonald JW, and Rutstein SO. Socio-economic factors in infant and child mortality: a cross-national comparision. Population studies 38:193-223,1984 McCormic MC, Shapiro S, and Horn SD. The relationship between infant mortality rates, medical care and socio-economic variables, Chile 1960-1970. International Journal of Epidemiology 8: 145-154,1979 Epidemiological transition and Epidemiological polarization Bobadilla JL, Frenk J, Frejka T, Lozano R, and Stern C. The epidemiological transition and health priorities. Chapter 3 in DT Jamison, WH Mosley, AR Measham, J-L Bobadilla (eds) Disease control priorities in Developing countries. New York: Oxford University Press of World Bank, 1993 Horiuchi, Shiro. Epidemiological transitions in developed countries: Past, present and future. Pages 237-254 in population division, UN, Symposium on health and mortality, brussels, Belgium, 19-22 November,1997 Olshansky SJ and Ault AB. The fourth stage of the epidemiologic transition: the age of delayed degenerative diseases. Milbank Quarterly 64:355-391, 1986 Olshansky SJ, and Carnes BA. Demographic perspectives on human senescence. Population and Development Review 20(1):57-80, March 1994 Omran AR. The epidemiologic transition: a theory of the epidemiology of population change. Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly 49:501-538,1971 Pappas G. Queen S, Hadden W, Fisher G. The increasing disparity in mortality between socio-economic groups in United States, 1960 and 1986. Socioecomonic disparity in mortality in US. 329(2):103-109 Compression of mortality and morbidity Fries JF. The compression of mortality: near or far? The Milbank Quarterly 67(2):208-231, 1989 Fries JF, Green LW, and Levine S. Health promotion and the compression of morbidity. Lancet i:481-483, March 4,1989 |
| 8 | Migration: Sources of Data, Measurement, Trends in Time and Space, Theories and Implications | No Reading |
| 9 | Urbanization: Measurement, Theories, Trends, and Prospects | Brockerhoff M. P. September 2000. "An urbanizing World�"Population Bulletin, Vol. 55(3 ). Washington D.C: Population Reference Bureau. Can be accessed online at www.prb.org Brockerhoff, M. and E. Brennan. 1998. "The poverty of cities in developing regions." Population and Development Review, 24(1): 75-114 John D. Kasarda, Edward M. Crenshaw.1991."Third World Urbanization: Dimensions, Theories, and Determinants." Annual Review of Sociology , 17: 467-501. |
| 10 | Reproductive Health: Biological Processes and Contraceptive Technology | Jones R.E. 1996. "Human Reproductive Biology" Chapters 1-4. Academic Press, New York "How Contraceptives work."Outlook 11(3): 6-8, 1993 [www.path.org] Hatcher R.A., W. Rinehart, R. Blackburn, Geller G.S., and J.D. Shelton. 1997 . "The essentials of contraceptive technology." Baltimore. Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Population Information Program, 1997. [www.jhuccp.org] Baird D. T. and Glasier, Anna F. 1993 "Hormonal contraception." New England Journal of Medicine 328(21): 1543-1549 |
| 11 | Components of Reproductive Health | STD Control and Primary Health Care for women: Experience and Challenges. 1997. Features article. Outlook 15(2): 1-10 Ropey, B., Ross, J., and Bhushan, I. Meeting unmet need: New strategies. Population Reports, Series J, No. 43. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Population Information Program, September 1996. McCauley, A. P. and Salter, C. Meeting the Needs Of Young Adults. Population Reports, Series J, No. 41. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Population Information Program, October 1995. Lande, R. Controlling Sexually Transmitted Diseases Population Reports, Series L, No. 9. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Population Information Program, June 1993 Heise, L., Ellsberg, M. and Gottemoeller, M. Ending Violence Against Women. Population Reports, Series L, No. 11. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Population Information Program, December 1999. Garenne M., S. Tollman, and K. Kahn. March 2000. "Premarital fertility in rural South Africa." Studies in Family Planning 31(1): 47-54 Hulton L.A., R. Cullen, and S.W. Khalokho. March 2000. "Perceptions of the risks of sexual activity and their consequences among Ugandan adolescents." Studies in Family Planning 31(1): 35-46 Meyhew S.H., L. Lush, J. Cleland, and G. Walt. 2000. "Integrating components of reproductive health." Studies in family planning 31(2): 151-162 Caldwell, John C., Pat Caldwell .Dec., 1993. "The Nature and Limits of the sub-Saharan African AIDS Epidemic: Evidence from Geographic and Other Patterns" Population and Development Review ,19( 4): 817-848. Safe motherhood: Successes and Challenges. 1998. Features article. Outlook volume 16 (sp. Issue):1-11 [www.path.org] Adolescent Reproductive Health: Making a Difference . 1998. Features article. Outlook Volume 16, Number 3 (December 1998) [www.path.org] |
| 12 | Fertility and Infertility: Processes and Management | Infertility in Developing countries. 1997. Features article. Outlook 15(3): 1-9 Frank O. 1983 "Infertility in Sub-Saharan Africa: estimates and implications." Population and Development Review 9(1): 137-144 Ericksen K, and Brunette T. 1996. "Patterns and predictors of infertility among African women: a cross-sectional survey of twenty-seven nations ." Social Science and Medicine 42(2): 209-220 Larsen, Ulla. 1994. "Sterility in sub-Saharan Africa." Population Studies 48(3): 459-474 Cates, W., T.M. M. Farley, and P.J. Rowe. 1985. "Worldwide Patterns of Infertility: Is Africa Different?" Lancet , p 596-598 Okonofua F. E., Dianna Harris, Adetanwa Odebiyi et al. 1997. "The social meaning of infertility in Southwest Nigeria." Health Transition Review, 7: 205-220 |
| 13 | Population Policies and Programs | Heckel, Nancy I. 1986 "Population Laws and Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa: 1975-1985." International Family Planning Perspectives. Volume 12(4): 122-124 Chamie, J. 1994. "Trends, Variations, and Contradictions In National Policies To Influence Fertility" Population and Development Review . Volume 20 (supp): 37-50 Abumere, S. I. 1981 "Population distribution policies and measures in Africa south Of the Sahara: A review". Population and Development Review . Volume 7(3): 421-433 Ashford, Lori S. March 2001."New Population Policies: Advancing women's health and rights."Population Bulletin, Vol. 56(1). Washington DC: Population Reference Bureau, Inc. Hodgson D. 1988. "Orthodoxy and Revisionism in American demography ." Population and Development Review, 14(4): 541-570 |
Course content
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- Lecture 1: Population Size, Growth, and Demographic Transition (Henry Mosley) 01:10:00
- Lecture 2: Population Structure, Composition and Distribution (Henry Mosley) 01:00:00
- Lecture 3: Social and Economic Consequences of Population Growth (David Bishai) 01:10:00
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- Lecture 4: Fertility and Reproduction: Data Sources and Measurement (Henry Mosley) 01:05:00
- Lecture 5: Fertility Change: Trends, Differentials, Determinants and Theories (Henry Mosley) 01:10:00
- Lecture 6: Mortality and morbidity: Data Sources and Measurement (Henry Mosley) 01:00:00
- Lecture 7: Mortality Decline: Trends, Differentials, Theories and Prospects (Henry Mosley) 01:10:00
- Lecture 8: Migration: Sources of Data, Measurement, Trends in Time and Space, Theories and Implications (Kenneth Hill) 01:10:00
- Lecture 9: Urbanization: Measurement, Theories, Trends, and Prospects (Kenneth Hill) 01:05:00
- Assignments 00:45:00
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